-
Effect of Induced Visual Fatigue on Sensory Ocular Dominance and the Effect of Colored Filters on the Levels of Visual Fatigue in Dyslexic Adults with MIS
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-10
Received:
4 December 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of visual fatigue induced with different clinical test stimuli on the sensory ocular dominance in dyslexic adults with Mearles-Irlen syndrome (MIS) and examine the role of colored filters. Nine female participants with dyslexia plus MIS aged between 18 and 36 years were recruited. Sensory ocular dominance and binocular vision functions were measured before and after induction of visual fatigue was induced. Measurements were conducted with participants wearing their habitual colored filters and without the filters and in two different sessions. Constant and continuous (static) test stimuli were used to create binocular rivalry. To induce visual fatigue, participants were asked to read, copy, and search for thirty minutes; the participants performed each tasks for ten minutes, while wearing their habitual near spectacle lens. No breaks were allowed between tasks. The calculated visual discomfort score (VDCS) for each test condition was analyzed. In sessions one and two respectively, VDCS was increased from 0.67 ± 1.00 to 1.44 ± 0.53 (p = 0.07) and 0.22 ± 0.44 to 1.56 ± 0.73 (p = 0.001), in adults with dyslexia and MIS after assessment of binocular vision function. Similarly, the VDCS was significantly increased to 2.56 ± 0.73 (p = 0.002) in session one and 2.11 ± 0.93 (p = 0.001) in session two, after visual fatigue was induced in these participants. There were no differences between both eyes’ sensory ocular dominance in dyslexic adults with MIS irrespective of the test stimuli used to induce the binocular rivalry. Induction of visual fatigue was followed by disruptions in the sensory ocular dominance that persisted with participants wearing their habitual colored overlays during the fatigue duration. This finding was also not influenced by the test slides used in these participants. Optometric investigations such as binocular vision testing, performed in dyslexic adults with MIS using certain stimuli could induce visual discomfort, but the discomfort induced by stressful visual testing was significantly greater. Moreover, the use of certain test stimuli was shown to disrupt the sensory ocular dominance of this group of participants suggesting that researchers should consider using the appropriate stimuli when examining patients with dyslexia and/or MIS and those experiencing reading difficulties.
Abstract: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of visual fatigue induced with different clinical test stimuli on the sensory ocular dominance in dyslexic adults with Mearles-Irlen syndrome (MIS) and examine the role of colored filters. Nine female participants with dyslexia plus MIS aged between 18 and 36 years were recruited. Sensor...
Show More
-
A Case of Accommodative Insufficiency with Vergence Disorder in a 17-Year Old Student
Emmanuel Kanyika,
Bright Vandyke Okyere
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
11-14
Received:
22 November 2019
Accepted:
26 December 2019
Published:
7 January 2020
Abstract: Accommodation Insufficiency (AI) is a condition in which a patient has an inability to focus or maintain focus at near. AI is mostly observed to occur with a vergence problem especially convergence insufficiency due to the close link between accommodation and convergence system of the eyes. Common symptoms seen in AI are diplopia, asthenopia and difficulty reading at near. Several management options are available including plus lenses for near work, optometric vision therapy and monitoring. A 17-year-old lady presented to the eye department with eyestrains, frontal headache, blurry vision at near with reading difficulties. According her, this problem started in 2018. Visual acuity (VA) for both distance and near was measured. Detailed anterior and posterior segments assessment revealed no anomalies, but binocular assessment showed reduced Amplitude of Accommodation (AOA), increased lag of accommodation, reduced Monocular Accommodative Facility (MAF) and Binocular Accommodative Facility (BAF), reduced Positive Relative Accommodation (PRA) and receded Near Point of Convergence (NPC). Based on the patient’s complaint and what the assessment revealed, accommodative insufficiency with vergence disorder was made. Vision therapy and distance optical correction were prescribed to manage the problem. Accommodative Insufficiency can be treated effectively by an in-office/home-based program. The repetition of appropriate optometric vision therapy procedures at home will help resolve a patient’s maladaptive visual condition over time.
Abstract: Accommodation Insufficiency (AI) is a condition in which a patient has an inability to focus or maintain focus at near. AI is mostly observed to occur with a vergence problem especially convergence insufficiency due to the close link between accommodation and convergence system of the eyes. Common symptoms seen in AI are diplopia, asthenopia and di...
Show More
-
Research Progress on Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tear
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
15-20
Received:
24 November 2019
Accepted:
24 December 2019
Published:
7 January 2020
Abstract: Various eye diseases can cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear. RPE tear is common in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases the risk of PRE tear, the mechanism of which is a sudden change in intraocular pressure during drug injection, vitreous macular traction, destruction of the RPE tight junction barrier and secondary contraction and fibrosis of the choroidal neovascular membrane. The height of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) is an important risk factor for RPE tear in patients with nAMD after injection of anti-VEGF drugs. The diagnosis of RPE tears primarily relies on imaging studies，such as fundus photography、fundus autofluorescence、optical coherence tomography and so on. Regarding treatment, we must first determine whether the patient has a RPE tear, or whether there are risk factors related to the RPE tear, and then perform the corresponding personalized treatment. If possible, consider stem cell transplant alternatives. There is no proven method to prevent RPE tear so far. This article will review and summarize the research progress in the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of RPE tear caused by anti-VEGF drugs, and further improve the understanding of RPE tears，in order to provide reference for clinical work.
Abstract: Various eye diseases can cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear. RPE tear is common in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases the risk of PRE tear, the mechanism of which is a sudden change in intraocular pressure during drug injection, vitreous macular tra...
Show More
-
Study on the Correlation Between ANCA and Thyroid-related Ophthalmopathy
Yuping Xiong,
Changfu Peng
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
21-23
Received:
16 December 2019
Accepted:
2 January 2020
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: Background The pathogenesis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is still unclear. Studies have proved that there are several autoantibodies in TAO patients, and ANCA, as one of the autoantibodies, is positive in some TAO patients, but its correlation with the occurrence, development and outcome of TAO is still unclear. Objective To study the correlation between ANCA and Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy. Methods Prospective observational cohort study was designed. This study was approved by the Ethic Commission of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, and written informed consent was obtained from each Subject before entering this trial. 120 patients diagnosed as TAO and visited our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study, including 30 cases in inactive group and 90 cases in active group [According to the criteria of clinical activity score (CAS)], 42 cases in Mild group and 78 cases in Moderate-to-severe and Sight-threatening group (According to the criteria of EUGOGO). The differences in ANCA positive rate among above groups and Active group after transferred to Inactive were compared. Results The overall positive rate of ANCA in TAO patients was 16.7%. The positive rates in the Inactive group and Active group were respectively 3.33% and 21.11%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rates of Mild group, Moderate-to-severe group and Sight-threatening group were respectively 8.82% and 19.76%, and there was no significant differences statistically (P>0.05). The positive rates of Active group reduced to 5.5%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion ANCA can reflects the activity of TAO to some extent, which is helpful to guide clinical treatment and prognosis judgment.
Abstract: Background The pathogenesis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is still unclear. Studies have proved that there are several autoantibodies in TAO patients, and ANCA, as one of the autoantibodies, is positive in some TAO patients, but its correlation with the occurrence, development and outcome of TAO is still unclear. Objective To study the...
Show More
-
Assessment of a Multipurpose Solution by Video Gamers and Non-gamers
Marjorie Jeandervin Rah,
William Thomas Reindel,
Cynthia Denise Adams,
Melissa Arielle Brostoff,
Lisbeth Anne Wilson,
Howard Marc Proskin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
24-30
Received:
18 November 2019
Accepted:
17 January 2020
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Purpose: Video gaming is popular worldwide, and its benefits and risks have come to the attention of health care providers across disciplines. Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film stability are compromised during dynamic, prolonged use of digital devices, which can result in symptoms of discomfort with contact lens wear. In addition to lens material and design, the choice of lens care cleaning and disinfecting solution can affect wearer satisfaction. The purpose of this evaluation was to compare real world experiences with a hyaluronan-containing contact lens multipurpose solution (MPS) among subjects classified as video gamers and non-gamers. Methods: This study was a prospective, single arm, open label survey of contact lens wearers who used a computer, smartphone, or tablet for a minimum of three hours daily. Contact lens-wearing gamers (subjects who reported that they play electronic games while wearing contact lenses 2-hours or more daily) and non-gamers were provided Biotrue MPS to use for at least seven-days while wearing a fresh pair of their respective habitual contact lenses. Subjects rated performance attributes via an online survey using a 6-point Likert scale. Results: At baseline, gamers were younger than non-gamers, more likely male, spent more time using digital devices daily, and were more likely to report they suffer from eyestrain, sensitive eyes, and red eyes. Both groups rated all queried lens-wearing performance attributes positively; gamers gave higher mean ratings than did non-gamers to 23 of 24 queried attributes, including all four pertaining to long durations of digital device use. After adjusting for both age and gender, significant differences favoring gamers were noted for all 24 attributes. Conclusions: Contact lens wearing gamers and non-gamers rated Biotrue MPS highly based upon various performance attributes. Biotrue MPS remains a good choice for general lens wear, as well as during tear film-challenging video game play.
Abstract: Purpose: Video gaming is popular worldwide, and its benefits and risks have come to the attention of health care providers across disciplines. Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film stability are compromised during dynamic, prolonged use of digital devices, which can result in symptoms of discomfort with contact lens wear. In addition to lens m...
Show More
-
Comparison of Different Binocular I Pad Games with Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children: Pilot Study
Kholoud Ahmed Bokhary,
Latifah Saud Aldohayan,
Fahmy Rania Medhat,
Abdullah Ghazi Alotaibi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
31-34
Received:
22 December 2019
Accepted:
30 December 2019
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Purpose- The aim of the study is to compare visual functions of children with uncorrected amblyopia treated with different binocular I Pad games and/or patching. Methods- Children with untreated amblyopia were enrolled in this pilot study. Children were divided into three groups: children treated with patching only, children attributed to play binocular snake I Pad game with patching, children attributed to play binocular blocks I Pad game with patching. Visual acuity VA, refraction, stereo acuity test, and ocular alignment tests were performed for all participants in the first visit and 4 weeks after starting treatment. Visual functions were compared between both visits. Results- A total of 18 children with untreated amblyopia participated in this study. Children were divided into three groups: Group 1= 8 children treated with patching only, Group 2= 5 children attributed to play binocular snake I Pad game with patching, and Group 3= 5 children attributed to play binocular blocks I Pad game with patching. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in gender and age between the three groups. Children showed good compliance to all patching treatment and I pad games groups. After 4 weeks, Visual acuity was improved in all amblyopic children in the form of one line improvement in patching group, two lines with binocular snake I Pad game and three lines with binocular blocks I Pad game. Moreover, stereoacuity was improved in all groups with greatest advance in blocks games group followed by snake group then patching group. Conclusion- This study demonstrated great effectiveness of both snake, and blocks binocular I Pad games on visual functions improvement for treatment of amblyopia. These games can contribute with patching in achieving better VA and stereoacuity enhancement in a shorter duration than patching alone.
Abstract: Purpose- The aim of the study is to compare visual functions of children with uncorrected amblyopia treated with different binocular I Pad games and/or patching. Methods- Children with untreated amblyopia were enrolled in this pilot study. Children were divided into three groups: children treated with patching only, children attributed to play bino...
Show More
-
Ophthalmological Findings in Goltz Syndrome: A Case Report
Carolina da Silva Mengue,
Manuel Augusto Pereira Vilela
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
35-37
Received:
28 December 2019
Accepted:
18 January 2020
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Focal dermal hypoplasia, or Goltz Syndrome, is a rare genetic x-linked autosomal dominant disorder. It affects multiple organs and systems, generally unilaterally, with extensive clinical variability. Despite the syndrome’s manifestations being predominantly cutaneous, the visual system also suffers characteristic alterations that are worthy of better elucidation. It is a rare disease that is little described in the literature, including in the area of ophthalmology. The objective of this paper is to report on a case we attended to and to discuss existing evidence about this syndrome. EVRS, female sex, 11 months old, referred to the Ophthalmology Service for assessment. Born at 29 weeks, cesarean section, transverse fetal position at birth, weighing 1620g at birth, born with several malformations. Given her phenotypic characteristics, the patient had already been diagnosed as having Goltz syndrome. Ophthalmological examination shows microphthalmia, nystagmus and esotropia in both eyes. Presence of asymmetric corneal opacity, bilateral aniridia and extensive coloboma of the lower retina in the right eye. Opaqueness of cornea and lens in the left eye, making it impossible to see the fundus oculi. The patient remained hospitalized in a neonatal ITU for 4 months from birth, and was discharged in a good overall state, weighing 3370g, receiving diet for gastrostomy. Continues to have multidisciplinary follow-up. This case has reported non-ophthalmological and ophthalmological alterations characteristic of Goltz syndrome, as well as other rare and interesting alterations. Studying them is necessary in medical practice to ensure adequate diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.
Abstract: Focal dermal hypoplasia, or Goltz Syndrome, is a rare genetic x-linked autosomal dominant disorder. It affects multiple organs and systems, generally unilaterally, with extensive clinical variability. Despite the syndrome’s manifestations being predominantly cutaneous, the visual system also suffers characteristic alterations that are worthy of bet...
Show More
-
Descemet’s Membrane Injury Post YAG Peripheral Iridotomy
Harsh Kumar,
Chirag Mittal,
Arushi Puri
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
38-40
Received:
10 February 2020
Accepted:
2 March 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Neodymium: Yittrium - Aluminium-Garnet (Nd YAG) laser iridotomy is one of the most common laser procedures performed in the Asian continent as the proportion of Angle closure glaucoma cases is significant. The Nd YAG iridotomy appears to be a simple outpatient procedure but can result in a number of complications including haemorrhage, cataract formation, dysphotopsia, intraocular pressure elevation and corneal endothelial damage resulting in corneal decompensation at a later date. A forty one year old female patient, a case of Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS), who had undergone a Nd YAG laser iridotomy of both the eyes elsewhere presented to us for a second opinion. The anterior segment examination was unremarkable except for the bilateral peripheral Iridotomies. The slit lamp examination revealed three small defects in the temporal cornea at the level of the Descemet’s membrane and posterior stroma overlying the iridotomy in the right eye. A specular microscopy did not reveal any endothelial damage or change in the cell morphology overlying the iridotomy or in other areas. Anterior segment Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT) demonstrated the exact nature of the injury to the Decemets membrane. To the best of our knowledge, its the first case report in the literature of a Descmet’s membrane injury following a ND-YAG laser iridotomy. It emphasizes the importance of accurate focus on the iris and choosing a quadrant with adequate distance between the iris and the cornea to avoid injury to surrounding structures.
Abstract: Neodymium: Yittrium - Aluminium-Garnet (Nd YAG) laser iridotomy is one of the most common laser procedures performed in the Asian continent as the proportion of Angle closure glaucoma cases is significant. The Nd YAG iridotomy appears to be a simple outpatient procedure but can result in a number of complications including haemorrhage, cataract for...
Show More
